Organ transplant essay

Organ transplant essay

Organ Transplant Essay,Organ Donation Analysis

WebMay 23,  · An organ transplant “is a surgical operation where a failing or damaged organ in the human body is removed and replaced with a new one” (Center for WebMay 21,  · The process of transplant occurs after the donor has agreed to donate the organ. This is usually followed by carrying out of tests like matching of tissue type and WebEver since the first ever organ transplant in , people have been able to give and receive the gift of life, an organ, prolonging and saving the lives of thousands of people; WebApr 4,  · The idea of organ transplants has suffered several criticisms over the years from the civil society, to the various religious groups and even philosophers. It is WebOct 10,  · Organ donation is a surgical procedure that consists of removing an organ or tissue from one person and placing it into another. No matter the age or the ... read more

Nursing: Springhouse Corporation, May Medical Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest: American College of Chest Physicians, July 20, And Kathy M. Evidence for Racial Disparity in Cardiac Transplantation Survival Rates. Journal of Cultural Diversity: Tucker Publications, March 22, Safety and Hemodynamic Effects of Pulmonary…. Albert, Nancy M. Springhouse Corporation, May Badesch, David, et al. Introduction Women without functioning uteruses now have a real chance of making their motherhood dreams come true with a radical new surgical procedure that involves a uterus transplant.

In the United States, the first baby was born from a transplanted uterus in December of , in Dallas. As promising as it is, a uterus transplant birth is a relatively risky medical procedure, though, and one that has raised some questions about the efficacy and ethics of this remarkable intervention. However, as long as full disclosure is made to patients, who make their decisions autonomously and with informed consent, transplanted uterine deliveries should certainly be an option…. The clinical trial team includes doctors, nurses, social workers, data entry technicians and other health care professionals NWHRC They review a participant's health history and current medical intakes before the trial begins.

They impart adequate information and instructions about the clinical trial, monitor each participant in the conduct of the trial and may contact the participant after the conduct of the trial. Clinical trials or researches may also be open-label, placebo-controlled, double-blinded or randomized. They consist of four phases. Phase I establishes the maximum safe dosage; Phase II, its effectiveness; Phase III, its use on a broad population; and Phase IV, post-FDA insights on the effects of its long-term use NWHRC. From to alone, the Food and Drug Administration approved 73 new medications NWHRC These included drugs for HIV, cancer, heart attack and Alzheimer's disease. As of , Medicare covers many of the costs involved in…. Billings, P. Should reproductive cloning be made available to people who want their own biologic chidren - pro and con.

International Medical News Group: Gale Group. Deneen, S. Designer people. E: the Environmental Magazine: Earth Action Network, Inc. Frankel, S. The limits to demand for health care. British Medical Journal: British Medical Association. Hollander, D. Abortion support slipping. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health: the Allen Guttmacher Institute. ethics regarding organ donation by brain-damaged people. The writer explores how a brain-damaged person is defined, and whether or not the donation of organs from that person is ethical. There were 15 sources used to complete this paper.

The field of medicine has advanced mankind to arenas never before thought possible. Today doctors can take entire organ systems out of one person and place them in another and the recipient can live for many years with transplanted organs. Hearts, lungs, kidneys, livers, eyes and many combinations of them are just a few of the organs that are transplanted worldwide today. As the medical community continues to advance age and quality of life the need for more organs has reached the critical stage. One of the most argued and passionate debates in the medical community today is whether or not it is ethical to remove organs in the case of a…. BROOKER Michelle, The gift of life after death. CAROL ANN CAMPBELL, Staff Writer, TV SHOW ANGERS ORGAN DONOR GROUPS.

Author not available, [Thoughts of The Times] An Explanation of Brain Death. Korea , Author not available, Pre-transplant brain-death test done on man in his 20s. Consider situation: You ill life support. You a transplant organs continue living. More precisely, the first step in determining whether the course of action one is about to take is morally correct or not is to actually formulate that action and provide a reasoning for it. Secondly, it is important to consider that action and that reasoning multiplied at a universal level, thought of this action as being a universal law….

Kerstein, S. New York University. d Means and ends. Stanford Enciclopedia of Phylosophy. Available at. innings" account and the "prudential lifespan" account support the age-based prioritization in organ allocation by suggesting that there is a certain amount of time that people should live: for example, if a young man of 25 dies, it is viewed as a tragedy because he was so young -- he died before his time. But if an old man of 85 dies, it is viewed differently -- then it is his time. Williams says this is a biased kind of thinking that does not consider quality of life but rather quantity of years. The man of 25 could have a far worse quality of life than the man of 85 -- but that is not taken into consideration by many people.

Thus, if a person was asked who should receive an organ for an organ transplant, most would answer that the young man of 25 should receive it because he…. Veatch, Robert M. Definition and Criteria of Death. Philosophical Debates About the Defnition of Death: Who Cares? Hospital Case Study If the first requirement of any successful case study is a detailed and analytical examination of the situation, the emotional component of so called "high stakes" issues can make this requirement difficult, indeed. In this case, a young girl died as a result of receiving miss-matched organs. Unfortunately, in this case, all of the supposed safeguards of the system, imposed to assure that proper blood typing of both….

Chibbaro, Lou. Washington Blade. Web site. Colorado State University Writing Center. California Donors Network. Duke University. UNOS and DUH Safeguards for Organ Transplant Safety. Duke Medical News. Transforming Scheduled Death Into Renewed Life One of the harsh realities of living in an otherwise-free society is the fact that the United States incarcerates far more of its citizens than other leading industrialized nations, and it one of the few countries in the world that retains the death penalty on its books. hen capital offenders are executed, there exists the opportunity to turn this scheduled death into renewed through organ donations. At present, while an individual has the right to say whether their organs should be donated, death-row inmates are considered wards of the state and it is the position of this study that the state should have the corresponding right to harvest their organs as a means of execution in order to save and improve the quality of the lives of others.

To determine whether the potential exists for such an approach, this study examines the relevant peer-reviewed…. Amnesty International. Beard, T. Randolph, David L. Kaserman and Richard P. Ben-David, Orit F. Organ Donation and Transplantation: Body Organs as an Exchangeable. However, Harvard Medical School HMS reports that in that study of 1, patients, "composite events occurred. Singh - concluded that while improving the lives of patients with CKD is "of paramount importance," this particular study reveals, " Aiming for a complete correction of anemia is associated with increased risk, increased cost and no quality of life benefits. gov explains that epoetin alfa is also used with people who have HIV, it is used prior to surgery and after surgery "to decrease the number of blood transfusions needed" in the predicable loss of blood during surgery.

It is…. Harvard Medical School. Blood test can accurately diagnose heart failure in patients. With kidney dysfunction. Higher Doses of Anemia Drug for Chronic Kidney Disease. Does Not Improve Quality of Life and Increases Risk for Cardiovascular Events. Retrieved February 9, , at. The study measures public opinion concerning two scenarios: one in which the kidney donor is given a fixed financial compensation; and one in which the donor is provided with health insurance coverage for life. Subjects and Sampling Technique: The subjects will be drawn from amongst nursing professionals working in randomly selected renal specialty facilities and wards. Initial contact will be made by phone with a Director of Nursing at selected facilities requesting participation.

Those that agree will receive…. Conesa, C. Attitude of Primary Care Nurses Toward Living Kidney Donation. Transplantation Proceedings, 37 9 , Kranenburg, L. Public Survey of Financial Incentives for Kidney Donation. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 23 3 , Neyhart, C. Living Anonymous kidney donation: A solution to the organ donor shortage? Nephrology Nursing Journal. Online at. This study underscores the presumption that where public health information campaigns are concerned, information is often accessed but forgotten or ignored. By connecting this information to certain compensatory incentives, those who make up a likely donor population may be more likely to retain and return to the information provided. Though controversial, this does present a realistic view on the motives that might incline one toward an act with significant personal and health-related implications.

It is important for public health facilities to consider the courtship of donations in this way, primarily because a failure to do so is increasingly stimulating an extra-curricular market for the sale of kidneys. In other words, by neglecting to consider the option of connecting kidney donation courtship to such compensatory incentives, the medical community is not protecting against the ethical concerns correlated thereto. They are simply forcing would-be recipients to look outside of the field for…. Aghanwa, H. Attitudes Toward Kidney Donation. J Natl Med Assoc. Medical News Today MNT. Kidney Donation Websites Raise Ethical Concerns - Public Solicitation For Organs May Favor White, Educated And Wealthy Recipients.

Wiley Blackwell Publishing. As many forms of live donation do not cause harm to others, and as we allow the donation of blood for payment, we violate the categorical imperative by banning the sale of human organs. It has been argued by some that banning organ donation is within the bounds of Kantian ethics because we have collectively agreed to the conviction that "such a practice would diminish human dignity and our sense of solidarity" Cohen, Yet, we do not prohibit the donation of blood or of bone marrow. Indeed, most among us would agree that such donations are necessary and beneficial. Lives are saved. There is nothing morally wrong about saving lives -- indeed live donations today are conducted voluntarily and without any moral consequence.

Allowing live organ donations is ethically consistent with our established principles regarding blood donation and voluntary, unpaid live organ donation. It will increase the supply of…. Holcberg, David. Allow the Sale of Human Organs. Chicago Sun-Times. April 18, Cohen, Cynthia B. Public Policy and the Sale of Human Organs. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. Mullen, Shannon. Sale of Human Organs in New Jersey a Worldwide Scandal. Asbury Park Press. MacDonald, Nikki. Live Donors the Key to Organ Shortage. Give Life NZ. Management of Immunocompromised Patients In beginning I writer specific nursing assignment. The Question: Words While clinical placement asked prepare a single room an admission. The patient requiring admission isolation room immunocompromised. Immunocompromised patients usually require isolation in order to prevent them from becoming infected with infections from other patients which is known as protective isolation.

For the immunocompromised patients, their immune system is unable to fight the infectious diseases. There are many diseases or conditions that lead to immunodeficiency in patients. One is AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The virus then mutates extremely rapidly thus making it more and…. Agusti, C. Pulmonary Infection in the Immunocompromised Patient: Strategies for Management. Bodey, G. Managing Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 40 Supplement 4 , S doi: Glauser, M. Management of Infections in Immunocompromised Patients New York: Elsevier Health Sciences. Hayden, R. Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. Washington, DC: ASM Press. Discussion about Brain Death and Cerebral Definitions It has been researched that the human brain collapses at prior to the cessation of the human organs; the collapse of the human brain is attributed to the elimination of the large numbers of redundant neurons, and the aging process i.

The gradual loss of sensory capacities. It has been reported that the visual acuity decline on linear basis between the age limit of , and soon after sixty the declination of the visual acuity is exponential. By the age of 45, the depth perception is reported declination in accelerated manner, and the speech comprehension is expected to get affect after the age of 80 due to the quarter loss of the extensive neurons in the superior temporal gyrus of the auditory cortex. The research has observed that significant decrease in the neuron density is expected, as a result of the aging process. Robert H. Technology and Death Policy: Redefining Death.

Department of Government, Brunel University. Peter Monaghan. The Unsettled Question of Brain Death. The Chronicle of Higher Education Vol. Harvest Exploitation and Hardship in Harvest The gap in living standards between those in the developed and developing spheres is substantial. And in the context of a global recession, this gap has only grown wider. Globalization has given us over to a concentrated form of socioeconomic exploitation within which wealthy estern nations strip poor Third orld nations of their most precious resources. In this way, the global economy has come to be driven by the systematic deprivation of the Third orld's critical commodities. This arrangement doesn't simply lower living standards and opportunities for those in the poorest parts of the world but also reinforces the notion that the wealthy are simply more entitled to these commodities and resources than are the poor.

This arrangement is taken to its most absurd and disturbing ends in the play Harvest by Manjula Padmanabhan. Centering on the experience of Om, his wife Jaya,…. Health Care Market In discussing the market for a health care good or service, one must first understand that in speaking of "health care," one is actually speaking of the entire health care industry, along with each of the goods and services that are produced and exchanged within this market. From organ transplant operations and blood donation to therapeutic massages and nursing home activity programs, the span of health care goods and services is both vast and varied.

Further, in viewing today's uncertain economy, the market for health care goods and services is one that brings with it many different questions that must be addressed in order for a stakeholder to fully comprehend what decisions need to made in order to turn a profit. Scarcity of esources Scarcity of resources within this market significantly influences the decisions that stakeholders are forced to make. With scarcity of resources comes limited action…. Case, K. And Fair, R. Principles of economics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Fullerton, D. How economists see the environment. Nature, , p. Few hospitals offered both the expertise and the necessary facilities.

Location of the donor and the recipient also impacted availability. Human organs cool and degenerate quickly when removed from the donor. Transportation in the 50s, 60s, and 70s was in the early stages of rapid jet aircraft travel and was too slow for the transportation of organs. The donor needed to be in close proximity to the recipient which was possible with living family members and donors. Research during this time focused on immunosuppressant drugs and on methods to maintain a viable organ outside the host. In his discussion of justice in respect to the allocation of scarce goods, Jon Elster identified three levels of scarcity: natural, quasi-natural and artificial. The availability of twins with one needing a kidney transplant and one willing to donate a kidney generates a natural scarcity similar to the availability of natural black pearls.

Above all it has followed the delibeate maketing of health cae in association with touism as medical cae has gadually moved away fom the public secto to the pivate secto, ensuing that a gowing majoity of people, especially in the ichest counties, and paticulaly in the United States, must pay -- often consideably -- fo health cae. Finally, gowing inteest in cosmetic sugey, involving such elective pocedues as hinoplasty, liposuction, beast enhancement o eduction, LASIK eye sugey and so on, o moe simply the emoval of tattoos, have ceated new demands. Vaious foms of dental sugey, especially cosmetic dental sugey, ae not coveed by insuance in counties like the UK and Austalia; hence dental touism has become paticulaly common.

In Asia these tends ae 'the unlikely child of new global ealities: the fallout of teoism, the Asian economic downtun, intenet access to pice infomation, and the globalisation of health sevices'…. references because the family vetoes it, in part because they were never made known. For a grieving and bereft family, a request for organ donation is difficult to agree to because they can only guess at the wishes of the deceased and if there were any doubt at all, would not the natural answer be a rejection? If relatives had severe objections, they should be taken into account for to do otherwise raises the spectre of the swastika, but the point remains that by changing the default position of organ donation it is a veto clearly against the deceased's wishes, which would be rather more unlikely to take place than the current veto due to a simple lack of information.

It is not that the PC system is ethically unsound Hatfield and Walker It can be argued that presumed consent is superior to the opt-in system because it truly ensures autonomy by giving effect to choices each person makes. It gives legal effect to individual autonomy and it ensures truly informed consent when accompanied by public education and information, instead of intuitive responses to organ donation. But one has to question how comfortable the deceased family will be when they come to realise that their relatives' kidney is being placed into someone who is HIV positive. This is likely to be an ethical and morale matter rather than a discriminatory one Williams, Nonetheless, some problems with presumed consent have been pointed out.

Patient autonomy lies at the very heart of modern medicine and medical research. This is partly a reaction against medical paternalism and an increasing awareness of the integrity of the individual. It may be argued that a presumed consent PC system is paternalistic - but it concomitantly reinforces individual autonomy and preserves the dignity and integrity of the individual especially in comparison to, for example, an organs market. McLean points out that underpinning the system of organ donation is the fundamental view that organ transplantation should be a gift relationship and should not be based on the type of disease a person has. This underlines that HIV sufferers are just as entitled to a kidney transplant as those who are looking for a heart transplant.

John Morris doubts that proposals to change legislation to allow presumed consent to be introduced are likely to be publicly accepted. However, why is presumed consent any less a gift? It does not mean widespread harvesting of major organs. It means greater public awareness and individual choice that is made concrete. There is a huge issue with regards to donor transplantation and especially kidney transplantation. Unfortunately, some patients with Human Immunodeficiency Disease are denied equal access to kidney transplantation and the same priorities of other people who are suffering from other serious diseases.

Therefore, in this research, evidence will be provided to proof HIV patients have the same rights as others to get a kidney transplant regardless if they appear completely diseased. Such experiments demonstrated that only seven of the thirty five within the test actually experienced vascular rejection, whereas all of the sheep receiving hearts from unmodified pigs exhibited vascular rejection. The near-term implications of Berchorner's work could have a profound influence on organ transplants and the future of patient treatments. Researchers will inject human liver cells into fetal pigs; these pigs will be bred with a "suicide gene" that will be triggered to destroy their own livers.

His hope is that human cells will then take the initiative to repopulate the pig liver, thus creating a synthesis of the two within the liver. This current study could lead to breeding pigs specifically for the purpose of human liver transplants. Even now, the use of pig livers are being used as a mechanism to help patients survive a few hours longer while waiting for human liver transplants. Berchorner's research may eventually…. Jonietz, Erika. A donor Named Wilbur. Beschorner, William E. Heart Xenograft Survival With Chimeric Pig Donors and Modest Immune Suppression. Corneal Donation within Hospitals and Medical Communities: Issues Surrounding Post Mortem Donations of Tissue Qualitative Study The purpose of this study is to identify barriers to corneal donation within hospitals and medical communities.

A large body of research has focused on issues surrounding the post mortem donations of tissue. This research will take a different approach, examining what barriers exist within hospital and medical communities in an attempt to determine how these barriers may be overcome. The number of potential corneal donors far surpasses the number of people available for traditional organ donations and in some states consent of the medical examiner alone is enough to allow use of corneal donations family consent not required Lewin, Traditionally the most significant barrier to organ donation and transplantation has been acquisition of organs and tissues Murray et.

al, The need for cornea tissue is rising. The average wait time for…. Gortmaker SL, Beasley CL, Brigham LE, Franz HG, Garrison RN, Lucas BA, Patterson RH, Sobol AM, Grenvik NA, Evanisko MJ. Organ donor potential and performance: size and nature of the organ donor shortfall. Crit Care Med ; 24 3 Halloran, P. Hawkins, B. Jensen, T. Unfortunately, a tremendous amount of valuable research has been put on hold ever since the ban of federal funding for stem cell research. In the United States, the vast majority of medical research of all types that eventually lead to cures for disease are funded by the federal government. The federal ban on stem cell research does not completely prohibit it, but the effect is nearly the same, just as it would be if the federal government withdrew funding for cancer or diabetes research.

The main opposition to stem cell research comes from the Religious Right who believe that any form of research using fetal stem cells is wrong, because according to their religious views, every fertilized human egg should be considered as much a human being as any living person, even a microscopic zygote consisting of nothing more than four cells of human tissue. Certainly, the concept of religious…. Music and Pain The use of music in relation to relaxation and pain control is universal in application. Many cultures use music, tones, chanting, drums, or other forms of biofeedback to treat patients in acute pain, women in labor, recovery, and now, most recently, in pre- and post-operative care. In fact, the therapeutic value of music has been recognized as vital and powerful since Ancient Times; archaeological evidence shows flutes carved from bone in pictures of physicians healing patients, Greek physicians used music and vibration to heal, aid in digestion and induce sleep; the Early Egyptians used musical incantations to help with the healing process; and certainly, numerous native tribes use singing and chanting as part of their healing rituals Nilsson, Further, most postoperative patients have pain, despite the use of analgesia.

Nurses are constantly trying to be more effective in delivering pain medication. One study showed that patients…. Ghetti, C. Active music engagement with emotional-approach coping to improve well being in liver and kidney translplant recipients. Journal of Music Therapy. Good, M. Supplementing Relaxation and Music for Pain After Surgery. Nursing Research. Goodwin C. Research in Psychology: Methods and Design. New York: John. omen's Health -- Focused on prevention and care for breast health, mammography, etc. Transplant Programs - Swedish is one of seven kidney transplant centers and one of just four liver transplant centers serving the entire Pacific Northwest. The Organ Transplant Program at Swedish is at the forefront of new advances in transplantation surgery, including pancreas transplants and transplants between unrelated living organ donors and recipients Swedish Medical Center, Service design, operational activities, strategic decisions- Swedish is nothing but on the move -- strategically and tactically.

In October, , Swedish opened a new full-care facility with a , square foot campus in the city of Issaquah, southeast of Seattle city proper. This new facility was designed to be an entirely new hospital experience. Arnold, E. Service-Dominant Logic and Resource Theory. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, 36 1 , Institute of Medicine. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. King, D. Designing the Digital Experience: How to Use Experience Design. Medford, NJ: Information Today Press. Going back further, the same religious principals also inspired opposition to organ transplants and blood transfusions; before that, the Catholic Church strictly forbade any forensic scientific research, necessitating the need to dissect cadavers for medical education entirely in secret Levine, Just as the news media are partially at fault today for their failure to distinguish legitimate concerns from ludicrous fears in connection with the ongoing political debate over American healthcare, they are equally responsible for allowing unfounded fears of "human cloning" in connection with the beneficial uses of stem cell science.

Specifically, the main source of secular opposition to stem cell research is attributable to unnecessary fears of rampant misuse of human cloning technology to clone human beings. While human cloning is hypothetically possible, no responsible scientific researcher would ever misuse current biomedical technology in that fashion. The complexities of cloning entire organisms have been well documented in animal…. Dershowitz, a. Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age. Boston: Little. Friedrich, M. The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.

reputed "health crisis" currently facing Americans. The author explores several aspects of the health care crisis and analyzes the validity of those claims. The author presents an argument that there really is not a health care crisis and it is a fallacy. There were six sources used to complete this paper. Why do People Believe the Crisis is eal? What Evidence is There That it is Not eal? What are some of the things giving the appearance it is shortage of students etc. What are some of the ideas that can help the problem? For several years now Americans have been inundated with information about the health care crisis. News channels cover the crisis and pipe it into living rooms. Magazines publish articles about the causes and history of the health care crisis and politicians use the health care crisis to sell their platform and garner votes.

It seems that everywhere…. Scientists have been aware of the existence of these stem cells for many years but have only recently realized the potential medical applications of the cells. More than a decade ago, scientists discovered that if the normal connections between the early cellular progeny of the fertilized egg were disrupted, the cells would fall apart into a single cell progeny that could be maintained in a culture. These dissociated cells, otherwise known as embryonic stem cell lines, continue to divide in culture, producing large numbers of cells at a fast pace. However, these early embryonic cells would lose the coordinated activity. Scientists quickly discovered that these cells retain the ability to generate a great number of mature cell types in culture if they are provided with appropriate molecular signals Reaves, Scientists have made significant progress in discovering these signals and are still working on it.

hile it is a difficult…. Prescott, Bonnie. Animal Study Find Embryonic Stem Cells Can Repair Heart Muscle. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Reaves, Jessica. The Great Debate Over Stem Cell Research. Time Magazine. Recer, Paul. Study says stem cells have fewer mutations than previously thought. AP Online. In response to economic concerns and a continual…. Cognitive and Psychomotor Disturbance: This is the other long-term psychological effect of surgery on children particularly those who undergo heart transplant surgical operations. Similar to the post-hospital distress, cognitive and psychomotor disturbance is usually as a result of extra medical treatments and longer stays in hospital.

According to research, patients who undergo complex pediatric surgical operations are likely to exhibit signs of cognitive or psychomotor disturbance Todaro et al. The cognitive and psychomotor disturbance is also as a result of the surgical procedures that a child goes through in the inpatient surgical operations. However, the effect of cognitive and psychomotor disturbances are not limited to patient who undergo inpatient surgical operations since those who undergo day case surgery are also likely to experience these effects.

Nonetheless, as compared to the inpatient surgical operations, the likelihood of these effects are less in day case surgical operations. Poor school attendance and…. Cadena, C. The Psychological Impact of Organ Transplants in Children. Campbell, I. R, Scaife, J. Psychological Effects of Day Case Surgery. Compared with Inpatient Surgery. Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information -- U. iii in the United States, Brazil, Germany and France, humans have been receiving their own stem cells to re-grow heart muscle in the unforeseen incident of heart attack or injury. This was found to be successful in majority of the cases. iv in one more incident, the vision of 23 patients was restored after limbal adult stem cell transplants.

This line of therapeutic care has assisted a lot of people who have been suffering from blindness for years together that includes the sufferers of mustard gas attacks in Iraqi. Life Issues Institute, v Crohn's disease patients have in fact been treated with stem cells evolved from their own blood. vii a research of Parkinson's disease displayed an average improvement…. AAAS Center for Science, Technology and Congress. Barnes, Deborah. active and passive euthanasia. Why does James achels think there is no moral difference between them? Active euthanasia is the "mercy killing" of a life to prevent further suffering; passive euthanasia is deliberately allowing that life to die of "natural" causes.

James achels believes there is no moral difference between active and passive euthanasia for a few reasons. First, in many cases where passive euthanasia is allowed meaning it has already been decided that the life is not worth saving but active euthanasia is against the law, the patient suffers more, longer, and needlessly by being allowed to die on their own. Therefore, since active euthanasia in these cases would prevent that suffering, active euthanasia is clearly less immoral than passively standing by. Still, achels' argument for moral equality between the two is that in each case it has been decided that the life at stake is not worth saving:….

Foot, P. Moral Dilemmas and Other Topics in Moral Philosophy: Killing and Letting Die. Oxford, England: Clarendon. Hardwig, J. Is There A Duty to Die? Rachels, J. Active and Passive Euthanasia. The New England Journal of Medicine, Each religion highly upholds their spiritual values hence the need for health practitioners to be cautious while handling varied clientele whether they hold the same religious sentiments or not. In this research we will major on the views held by the Sikh, Buddhist and Judaist religions in comparison to the Christian belief on healing.

Sikh religion The Sikh hold the belief that when one is sick it is the will of God and that He is merciful to heal; however one has to consider medical treatment in order to get well. During illness: Sikh patients engage in prayers to seek God for help, seek to obtain peace by remembering Gods name, recite sacred hymns Gurbani which are words from the holy scriptures Guru Granth…. Dharma Haven, Tools for Healing Relaxing and Awakening. Retrieved March 30,. Manitoba, Core Competencies for Spiritual health care Practitioners. Jewish Views of Illness and Healing. Retrieved March 30, Moral and Medical Dilemma As the progression of medical technology has expanded humanity's ability to heal one another directly -- through the process of organ transplants, blood transfusions, and bone marrow exchanges -- several ethical dilemmas have surfaced which impact physicians, patients, and politicians alike.

An individual's voluntary decision to donate his or her organs in the event of an unexpected death, and the government's methods for devising an equitable system of distribution for blood and organ transplants are just a few of the increasingly rancorous debates to become associated with cutting-edge medical techniques. Today, with the concept of stem-cell research offering a vast array of seemingly miraculous medical advances, the moral discussion has shifted to cases like that experienced by the Whitaker family, which has been forced to confront an agonizing choice involving their seriously ill son Charlie. In the end, although the Whitakers were able to develop a…. Petersen, J. Using a utilitarian approach, organ donation does provide good for others; and, when managed appropriated, can provide a greater good for society at large.

However, utilizing a population for organ harvesting, or changing the model so that organ donation is seen as a profit-center as opposed to a humanitarian endeavor, certainly muddies the waters a bit. EFEENCES Barbas, M. Expanding Knowledge: From the Classroom to Hyperspace. Educational Media International. Guo, G. The VNT 2-eteap in MAOA and Delinquient Behavior in Adolescence and Young Adulthood Associations. European Journal of Human Genetics. pdf Kurth, J. eligion and Globalization. The eview of Faith and International Affairs. Nilsen, D. Barbas, M. The VNTR 2-Reteap in MAOA and Delinquient Behavior in Adolescence and Young Adulthood Associations. Kurth, J. Religion and Globalization. The Review of Faith and International Affairs.

Managing a Diverse, Global Environment is Critical. HR Magazine Review. Government Created a Committee An electronic health record is a digital record of a patient's health information generated from every medical visit a patient makes. This information includes the patient's medical history, demographics, known drug allergies, progress notes, follow up visits, medications, vital signs, immunizations, laboratory data and radiological reports. The EH automates and streamlines a clinician's workflow. Himss, Due to the multiple advantages of an EH, health care agencies have been aiming to push up this technology.

In , the FDA approved of an implantable EH microchip into patients. Each microchip has a specific code which is identified through sensors. The device is implanted under the skin, in the back of the arm, requiring a twenty minute procedure, without needing the use of sutures. Deaths and mortality. Fda approves computer chip for humans. Implanet using ibm software to protect patients in the event of medical device recalls. Prutchi, D. Verimed's human-implantable verichip patient rfid. Genomes and Comparative Genomics Over the last decade we have achieved rapid strides in the field of genetic engineering. The study of molecular biology has been fairly advanced mainly aided by the unprecedented growth in information technology. Today bio-informatics has opened new vitas for us and we are already progressing in investigating and in the comparative study of genomes.

This has shed new light up on our knowledge of the evolutionary process and the important concepts such as protein folding and selective expression, which have so far eluded our understanding, are beginning to unfold. Let us have a brief overlook of the subject. The Role of DNA One of the greatest achievements of the twentieth century has been the unraveling of the mysteries behind the DNA and the mechanism of protein synthesis. Genes are the fundamental units of biological inheritance and are made up of Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA. Genes are…. Hecht, J. Cohlan, A. economic value of human life. The writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey through several methods used to calculate that value as well as other theories about calculating that value.

There were four sources used to complete this paper. Worldwide it has been said that people are becoming more materialistic than ever before. It seems that everything now has a tangible value that can be computed in dollars and cents. Insurance companies want a dollar value placed on the most sentimental items one owns, while things once belonging to celebrities command a high fee at auctions and promotions. In addition to individual items being assessed individual values, abstract ideas are also assigned values through dollars. Consultants, writers, and others are paid for their ideas and their intellectual property in the same way that someone purchases a new couch for the living room.

Throughout history people have placed value on…. Medical science has worked to extend human life and today people are living longer than ever before and with that ability comes many quality of life issues. Those who want organ transplants have to currently convince committees that their lives will be worth the money it takes to do it. Those who are on death row asking to be able to donate their organs are being bombarded with media coverage debating whether or not their organs are worth the saving of a human life. The medical community is constantly charged with providing some tangible dollar value to human life for purposes of medical procedures, research and other areas. Another area of importance given the economic value of human life is litigation.

The nation is filled with more wrongful death suits than in the past. Part of this may be because of medical science being willing to attempt more and sometimes failing, because the population has expanded and there are more accidents etc. It is most likely a combination of many factors. The courts are currently being charged with placing a dollar value on the lives of those who are gone and their loved ones have sued for damages. The courts are currently not in a position to have a tangible dollar value so they are left trying to guess at the worth of the person in question.

The judgments are ranging from thousands, to hundreds of millions of dollars and the size of the judgment often times is dependent on jury sitting in the box, more than any concrete calculation. For these and other public policy reasons it is important to evaluate the economic value of human life from a business standpoint. The economic value of human life involves the length of life, and the net economic contribution that a person could be expected to make during his or her lifetime. Both of these areas involve issues that can be established through expert testimony. Total net economic value involves the life expectancy, the value of the person's earnings and other economic.

Common risk factors for chronic liver problems include: intravenous drug use, overdosing on acetaminophen, engaging in risky sexual behaviors like having multiple sexual partners and unprotected intercourse, eating contaminated foods, traveling to an area where certain diseases are common, living in a nursing home or rehabilitation center, having a family member who recently had hepatitis a, using or abusing alcohol, being an organ transplant recipient, having HIV or AIDS, having received a blood transfusion before , being a newborn of a mother with hepatitis B or C, being a health care worker, including dentist and dental hygienist, because of blood contact and receiving a tattoo Hepatitis Health Article, Eighty percent of those people who have Hepatitis C go on to develop chronic liver disease, liver failure or liver cancer.

Hepatitis C is the number one reason that people received liver transplants in the United States. Permanent liver damage, liver…. The accident occurred while the actress was taking a skiing lesson. She initial experienced no symptoms from her fall, but later complained of a headache and was taken to a local hospital. Reports indicate that her fall was not very spectacular and occurred at a low speed on a beginner run. She was not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident. Quinn, However, while it is true that sometimes there are no immediately obvious signs of a severe brain injury, at other times there are. Severe Traumatic Brain njury The symptoms of a severe traumatic brain injury which can result in permanent neurological damage include a number of cognitive problems including inability to concentrate, problems with memory, problems in focusing and paying attention, ability to process new information at a normal rate, a high level of confusion, and perseveration, which is the action of doing something over….

In describing the course of their patients, experienced clinicians who use HBOT to treat patients with brain injury, cerebral palsy, and stroke refer to improvements that may be ignored in standardized measures of motor and neuro-cognitive dysfunction. These measures do not seem to capture the impact of the changes that clinicians and parents perceive. Caregivers' perceptions should be given more weight in evaluating the significance of objective improvements in a patient's function. Unfortunately, studies have not consistently measured caregiver burden, or have assessed it only by self-report.

Studies in which the caregivers' burden was directly observed would provide much stronger evidence than is currently available about treatment outcome. AHRQ Publication Number E, In other words, this somewhat alternative treatment produces results that are more meaningful to the injured person and his or her caregivers. I have focused here primarily on the biochemical end of treatments for those with traumatic brain injury because it is this level of treatment that offers the long-term possibility of the greatest level of treatment. Such treatments as are described here have the chance to cure traumatic brain injury. But until these are perfected, every other kind of treatment and therapy -- from drug treatments to speech therapy to the love of friends -- will remain priceless.

Beyond Separation of Powers As high school students we all learned about the Constitutional separation of powers. With each of the three branches of government -- the judicial, executive, and legislative -- having the power to limit the power of the others, no one aspect of government could hold the American people hostage. This was the structure that the Framers put into effect to ensure that Americans would have an efficient, but humane, system of government. It was also, from its inception, an idealistic one. Indeed, perhaps too idealistic, for while it is good for democracy to have power divided among many rather than only a few, it is in human nature to want to concentrate power within oneself.

People all across America are in this situation. They need an organ transplant in order to live but they are put on a waiting list to see if they qualify for an organ which may come in time before they are to sick, or it may not come in time which ends in death. Some of the points we will discuss is what is an organ transplant, how can we determine. Furthermore, the demand for surgical procedures such as organ transplantation has rapidly increased after scientific breakthroughs in transplant technologies as well as the advent of new medicines to reduce many problems associated with transplants, thereby increasing the life expectancy.

The first organ transplant was provided in , where a kidney was taken from one identical brother to another, lasting for eight years. Eventually more successful organ transplants began to occur such as in the first cadaveric transplant was a success prolonging life for almost two years. In a successful liver transplant had a. Organ transplants Definition: Organ Transplantation is a surgery that transfers an organ from one body to another and it is often the last and only way for puzzle out an organ failure, Such as lung failure and heart failure. It is often very expensive. Background Information: The history of organ transplant has a complex background. The first ever organ transplant happened in where a kidney transplants occurred.

The donor of the kidney was an identical twin. Since they are identical there. Organ transplants are necessary for the survival for millions of people around the world. While the need for transplants is often something that increases in frequency with age, adolescents are also subject to ailments which require transplants. Surrounding these organ transplants, there is a massive amount of care both before and after the procedure which allows the patients to properly heal. While most professionals agree that physical care is necessary, the need for psychological care is often. Dagny Layman Mia Wall AP English C 23 May Tough Choices: Efficiency vs.

Equity in the Organ Transplant Industry Across the country, sick men, women, and children wait for new chances at life: donor organs. A young woman, chest riddled with cancerous tumors, learns that in order to survive she needs new heart within the next year. A grandfather, withered and jaundiced, slips slowly into a coma as years of heavy drinking take their final toll. A tiny infant, born with underdeveloped lungs, lies. Lizetth Gonzalez Mrs. Forsythe English 1B January 20, Organ Transplants Despite the fact that more than a million have signed up to become donors the number of donors is still nowhere near the number of people on waiting for transplants therefore, resulting in an average of eighteen deaths every day due to the shortage.

Pros Keep in mind the amount of lives saved or restored when a single organ donor can save up to eight lives. In addition to saving lives and restoring broken lives, a. the moon to transplanting organs between two people; science has taken a leap forward in helping humanity. The scientific discovery that absolutely fascinates many people is how surgeons can remove a failed organ from one person and implant a healthy organ inside the same person so that they can survive and live a longer and healthier life 1. Organ transplants are important in our society and there should be more funding from the government for research on organ transplants because not only has it.

obstacle to obtaining an organ transplant today is that donated organs is the very limited supply of organs, while the waiting lists are very long Jenkins, Reilly, Schwab, Organ transplants vary in the type of organ needed, and some are more limited than others. Unfortunately, many individuals pass away waiting on the list rather than living a fulfilled life after receiving their donated organ Jenkins, Reilly, Schwab, Due to the indefinite wait on the transplant list, the controversy. Nearly four months later, an organ donor becomes available and Joshua is notified.

There is a great chance that the organ will not be rejected if it is a good match. Once the suitable organ is found, the process quickly begins, calling it the. Organ transplants are one of the most dangerous procedures in modern medicine, many things have been done to make them safer for the patient but there are still a lot of risks being taken. With organs in short supply and because of the risk factor many people are not allowed to have organ transplants and people have been fighting back against their doctors because doctors have to choose whether to grant or deny an organ transplant. Many people do not believe that doctors should be able to deny a. The major challenge in hospitals is the lack of organs needed for transplantation to the increasing. Organ Transplants are done everyday, hearts, lungs, kidneys and so many more.

The strange thing is people and scientist are beginning to think that possible memories are stored in these organs. People have began to show different characteristics after they have had an organ transplant surgery. Most scientist have had actual meetings with recipients and the donors to actually try and figure out why our organs are able to do this. Even though the research scientist have done does not fully say for. An organ transplant is a surgical operation conducted to replace an organ unable to function properly with a new one. An organ, in turn, is an accumulation of cells and tissues gathered to perform the functions of body. Therefore, any part of the body which acts as a performer of specific function is called an organ.

There are two possible ways of how the organ donation OD can take place. The first is the donation of cadaveric organs organs from recently deceased people. The decision to donate. waiting for an organ transplant. They also state that one organ donor can save up to eight lives. Those are significant numbers that should make us very much aware of the monumental impact organ donation can have on the lives of so many critically ill patients and their families. Introduction Professor Sir Magdi Yacoub described transplantation as "one of the great success stories of the latter half of the 20th century" Transplants save lives. Organ transplantation is used in medicine in order to save people lives, but not all people support this action. As a result, it is a question that has caused a great deal of controversy.

I choose this global issue because of several reasons.

The death of a person waiting for a transplant could be avoided if only, more people were aware of organ donation. There are several types of organ and tissue donation, these are divided into a living donation and deceased donation. Organ donation offers many benefits to society. However, even though organ donation is encouraged many people still have misconceptions and doubts about the procedure. Reading this report will allow you to identify all the benefits, types, misconceptions of organ donations and perhaps motivate you to register ahead of time so more lives can be saved. Introduction According to Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network OPTN , every 10 minutes another person is added to the national transplant waiting list.

The previous source also states that 20 people die each day waiting for an organ transplant. Transplantation is the replacement of a diseased organ by a healthy one. Generally, the replacement of a diseased organ is necessary because the organ has failed or has been damaged by a disease or an injury. However, this medical treatment can only be achieved by the solidarity of others since without donations, there are no transplants. Organ donation is a surgical procedure that consists of removing an organ or tissue from one person and placing it into another. No matter the age or the background, everyone has the choice to become a donor. Babies as well senior citizens can become donors, of course, donors under 18 required authorizations from their parents or legal guardians.

This procedure is considered to be one of the greatest acts of solidarity because a person gives for free a body part to someone who needs it due to an illness. Thanks to donation thousands of people are given a second chance to live a healthier life. Even though organ donation is a very common and knows medical procedure most of the people still have doubts. The following report has the purpose of answering all the frequently questions relate to this topic. More lives could be saved is people register for donation ahead of time. form a dead person to a living one. This idea is not wrong at all, however, not only our organs are eligible for donation, but our tissue and cornea can also save lives.

According to the origin of the organ or the tissue, transplants that can be performed from a living donor or deceased donor. While most donations occur after the donor has died, organs like the kidney and a part of our liver can be donated while the donor is alive. Due to the high compatibility of the organs, this type of donation is most common in a family environment and is known as a direct donation. Even though for some people becoming a living donor is a scary choice, this type of procedure guarantees that the surgery will not represent any health problem for the donor, however, surgeries always have a low rate of complications.

Other organs like the heart, lung, and intestine can only be obtained from deceased donors. Whose dead has been caused due to brain death or in irreversible cardiac arrest. According to Donate Life America, a cornea transplant can restore the sight of two people no matter the age, eye color or eyesight. In the other hand, tissue donation can heal the lives, 75 people. Time plays a major role when it comes to organs donation. Matching organs transplant must be done in a short amour of time for the health of the organ. In the case of a heart transplant, doctors only have 4 to 6 hours. So, you must understate how to value time is.

Organ donation misconceptions Even though organ donation is encouraged many people still have misconceptions about the procedure since back in the days it used to be complicated and painful. However, thanks to the development of new technologies and medical procedures living organ donation guarantee the donor that the surgery will not represent any health problem. One of the most common false belief people often have is that donation is prohibited by religion. Most people should be aware of their religion position regarding organ donation since transplant are more successful when they matched the same races.

However, is always important to investigate and read theological perspectives of your religion about this topic. Even after tissue donation, an open-casket funeral is still possible. Last but not least, organ or tissue donation will only be considered after death has been officially declared. This represents a five percent increase over Living donation increases the existing organ supply. In other words, it saves two lives in one since the next person on the waiting list is one step closer. Not to mention that living donations offers best quality organs in a short time period which is excellent for the patient. The decision of becoming a donor may be hard for a few of us since it makes us think about death ahead of time. Nonetheless, we should also evaluate the fact that after we donate, the receiver will live a better life.

Conclusion Registering for organ donation is a hard decision to make, but at the same time is one of the bravest decisions you will ever make in your life. Organ donation comes in many shapes and forms. Depending on the origin of the organs the donation can be classified into living donation or deceased donation. Despite all the information we might find regarding organ donation, this continues to be a very controversial topic. A big part of society still has misconceptions about this medical procedure. Even though statistics show a successful increase in organ transplant in the last few years.

Is sad how each day more people are added to the national transplant waiting list and even sadder how many die waiting for an organ. Be socially responsible and register to be a donor because life is the most valuable gift anybody can give. Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. Starting from 3 hours delivery. The advent of the concept of organ transplantation came as an important breakthrough in the medical field, in the 20th century. The idea behind organ donation and transplant is simple. A healthy organ such as heart, lungs, [ In , the first successful transplant in a human was performed. It was a kidney that was given from one twin to another. Since then, technology has branched to include lots of different procedures.

With the advancement of [ Organ donation is a pure act of kindness. However, it is often debated about whether it should be mandatory or not. Donating your organ is a social cause which is all together a decision of the person who is willing to donate [ Nowadays the number of people who need an organ because of a disease or maybe a medical condition. The time people need to wait for an organ is too long and most of them lose the faith. A big number of people may think that the [ The healing influence of music was talked about and proved from long ago. Nowadays, the research done in the field of music therapy show the benefits obtained with the help of the new measuring instruments or new discoveries in [ Haemodialysis is a method for removal of impurities such as creatinine, phosphorous and potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood when kidney failure.

If the patient has kidney malfunctions the impurities are [ There are two types of donations for kidney transplants, living donations, [ According to WHO, , herbal medicine can be defined as medicine that is made out of plants and is common in many societies in the world including Kenya. When the herbal medicine is used in ways other than traditional, it [ The United States today is facing a crisis of greed and distrust in pharmaceutical industry and medical field, leaving physicians and medical professionals to contradict why they have pledged the oath to serve the patient who [ We will occasionally send you account related emails. This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before. Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together! We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by professional essay writers. Get help with writing. This is just a sample. Table of contents Introduction Organ donation types Organ donation misconceptions Organ donation benefits Conclusion. Your time is important. Get essay help. Related Essays Shortcomings and Benefits of Organ Donation Essay The advent of the concept of organ transplantation came as an important breakthrough in the medical field, in the 20th century. Organ Donation: Ethical Issues and Dilemmas Essay In , the first successful transplant in a human was performed.

Discussion on Whether Organ Donation Should Be Mandatory Essay Organ donation is a pure act of kindness. Why Organ Donation After Death Should Be Encouraged Essay Nowadays the number of people who need an organ because of a disease or maybe a medical condition. The potential of music therapy Essay The healing influence of music was talked about and proved from long ago. Review of the Hemodialysis Essay Haemodialysis is a method for removal of impurities such as creatinine, phosphorous and potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood when kidney failure. Prevalence of Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Psychiatric Patients Essay According to WHO, , herbal medicine can be defined as medicine that is made out of plants and is common in many societies in the world including Kenya.

The Effect of Commercialism on the Pharmaceutical Industry in USA Essay The United States today is facing a crisis of greed and distrust in pharmaceutical industry and medical field, leaving physicians and medical professionals to contradict why they have pledged the oath to serve the patient who [ Find Free Essays We provide you with original essay samples, perfect formatting and styling.

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WebMay 21,  · The process of transplant occurs after the donor has agreed to donate the organ. This is usually followed by carrying out of tests like matching of tissue type and WebJan 3,  · Organ transplant involves the replacement of a patient’s (recipient) ailing organ with a well functioning organ from some who has died (donor). The recipients of WebOrgan Donation. Organ and tissue donation has become a key part of the healthcare sector. The number of patients whose organs are failing continues to increase. WebEver since the first ever organ transplant in , people have been able to give and receive the gift of life, an organ, prolonging and saving the lives of thousands of people; WebMay 23,  · An organ transplant “is a surgical operation where a failing or damaged organ in the human body is removed and replaced with a new one” (Center for WebApr 4,  · The idea of organ transplants has suffered several criticisms over the years from the civil society, to the various religious groups and even philosophers. It is ... read more

Kidney Donation Websites Raise Ethical Concerns - Public Solicitation For Organs May Favor White, Educated And Wealthy Recipients. Appel J. Nonetheless, as compared to the inpatient surgical operations, the likelihood of these effects are less in day case surgical operations. The donor receives a magnanimous paycheck; the recipient receives a healthy kidney, and Jacobs, himself, profits by business in worse ways Chapman, Mullen, Shannon.

Health Assessment Perform a health history on an older adult. Consequently, the number of those in need of donated organs continues to rise, despite the limited number of donors. Nonetheless, some problems with presumed consent have been pointed out. Virginia: UNOS, Chronic rejection This type of rejection happens many years after organ transplant essay transplant. MacDonald, Nikki, organ transplant essay. The policy studies journal 37 1.